Source or prior law:

21-907.

Law Review and Bar Journal References:

“Reform in Kansas Domestic Violence Legislation,” David J. Gottlieb and L. Eric Johnson, 31 K.L.R. 527, 554 (1983).

“Survey of Kansas Law: Criminal Law,” Robert A. Wason, 32 K.L.R. 395, 396, 400 (1984).

“Criminal Law: Multiplicity and the Independence of Aggravated Sexual Battery Under KAN. STAT. ANN. § 21-3107(2) [State v. Mason, 827 P.2d 748 (Kan. 1992)],” Lance Thaxton, 32 W.L.J. 290, 291 (1993).

“Criminalizing the Intentional or Reckless Exposure to HIV: A Wake-Up Call to Kansas,” Amy M. Decker, 46 K.L.R. 305 (1998).

Attorney General’s Opinions:

Rape; aggravated sodomy; rape shield statute; gender. 88-162.

CASE ANNOTATIONS

1. Conviction hereunder and of other crimes reviewed; evidence of similar offenses; instructions; no reversible error. State v. James, 217 K. 96, 100, 535 P.2d 991.

2. Conviction hereunder and of other offenses reviewed; failure to move for severance of offenses constitutes waiver of joinder. State v. Townsley, 217 K. 102, 535 P.2d 1.

3. Conviction hereunder and of other crimes affirmed; evidence admissible. State v. Donahue, 218 K. 351, 543 P.2d 962.

4. Defendant charged hereunder; conviction under 21-3505; evidence supported conviction. State v. Rhone, 219 K. 542, 546, 548 P.2d 752.

5. No error in admission of evidence or in failing to instruct on lesser offense. State v. Yates, 220 K. 635, 556 P.2d 176.

6. Conviction hereunder and of other crimes; record examined; no reversible error. State v. Lewis, 220 K. 791, 556 P.2d 888.

7. Conviction of aggravated robbery and aggravated sodomy reviewed and judgment affirmed. State v. Thompson, 221 K. 165, 173, 174, 558 P.2d 93.

8. Section does not contain elements of bill of attainder. State v. Thompson, 221 K. 165, 171, 173, 558 P.2d 93.

9. Statute is not unconstitutional on grounds raised. State v. Thompson, 221 K. 165, 171, 172, 173, 558 P.2d 93.

10. Conviction hereunder reversed; defendant’s sixth amendment right to effective cross-examination denied by admission of out-of-court statement. State v. Fisher, 222 K. 76, 563 P.2d 1012.

11. Defendant charged hereunder acquitted. State v. Holt, 2 K.A.2d 1, 574 P.2d 152.

12. Lewd and lascivious behavior not lesser degree of aggravated sodomy. State v. Crawford, 223 K. 127, 128, 573 P.2d 982.

13. Alleged trial errors reviewed in affirming conviction hereunder. State v. Gilder, 223 K. 220, 221, 574 P.2d 196.

14. Defendant’s rights not prejudiced by one day continuance during trial proceedings; conviction affirmed. State v. Nelson, 223 K. 251, 573 P.2d 602.

15. No abuse of discretion in refusing to grant separate trials nor in refusal to sever counts; conviction affirmed. State v. Howell, 223 K. 282, 573 P.2d 1003.

16. Prejudicial error in prosecution hereunder; case remanded for new trial. State v. Nixon, 223 K. 788, 789, 576 P.2d 691.

17. Conviction hereunder affirmed; limitations on evidence of previous sexual conduct constitutional; statutory definition of sodomy construed. State v. Williams, 224 K. 468, 471, 580 P.2d 1341.

18. No error in failure to instruct jury on sodomy or patronizing a prostitute; conviction affirmed. State v. Blue, 225 K. 576, 580, 592 P.2d 897.

19. No error in failure to instruct jury on lewd and lascivious behavior or indecent solicitation of a child; conviction affirmed. State v. Gregg, 226 K. 481, 482, 602 P.2d 85.

20. Evidence sufficient to establish sufficient penetration for oral copulation with child; conviction affirmed. State v. Lovelace, 227 K. 348, 349, 351, 607 P.2d 49.

21. No error in trying defendants jointly; offenses were part of a common scheme; conviction of aggravated anal sodomy affirmed. State v. Tate, 228 K. 752, 620 P.2d 326.

22. Where allegations in information fail to constitute offense in language of statute, information fatally defective; convictions of aiding and abetting aggravated sodomy void. State v. Robinson, Lloyd & Clark, 229 K. 301, 302, 305, 624 P.2d 964.

23. In cases involving illicit sexual relations between adult and child, evidence of prior acts of similar nature between same parties is admissible. State v. Crossman, 229 K. 384, 624 P.2d 461.

24. Duty to instruct on lesser included offenses arises only when there is evidence under which defendant might reasonably have been convicted thereof. State v. Everson, 229 K. 542, 626 P.2d 1189.

25. Mistrial declared after two and one-half days of trial because of ineligible juror; double jeopardy did not attach. State v. Folkerts, 229 K. 608, 629 P.2d 173 (1981).

26. Forcing victim to commit sodomy constitutes bodily harm as used in 21-3421; charges not multiplicitous. State v. Chears, 231 K. 161, 643 P.2d 154 (1982).

27. Multiple charges involving three victims consolidated for trial. State v. Bagby, 231 K. 176, 642 P.2d 993 (1982).

28. Psychiatrist’s testimony that person suffers rape trauma syndrome held admissible. State v. Marks, 231 K. 645, 646, 647 P.2d 1292 (1982).

29. Substantial prejudice to defendant avoided; court sustained objection to prosecution questions regarding pending aggravated battery charge. State v. Stellwagen, 232 K. 744, 659 P.2d 167 (1983).

30. No error in limiting cross-examination of witness, admitting hearsay evidence, excluding irrelevant evidence; erroneous jury instruction not prejudicial. State v. Aldrich, 232 K. 783, 658 P.2d 1027 (1983).

31. Crime committed on child complete in and of itself; kidnapping occurring in another county held to be independent. State v. Calderon, 233 K. 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 661 P.2d 781 (1983).

32. Prior to amendment of act (July 1, 1983); husband not guilty of aggravated sodomy with wife. State v. Dubish, 234 K. 708, 712, 675 P.2d 877 (1984).

33. Identi-Kit composite goes to weight and sufficiency; pretrial photographic lineup identification not impermissibly suggestive; spouse’s observation of keys not privileged. State v. Galloway, 235 K. 70, 680 P.2d 268 (1984).

34. Foundation for admission of tape recordings in most jurisdictions outlined and applied (“911” recording of crime in progress). State v. Williams, 235 K. 485, 486, 491, 681 P.2d 660 (1984).

35. Refusal to commit pursuant to 22-3430; sentence imposed under 21-4608. State v. Adkins, 236 K. 259, 689 P.2d 880 (1984).

36. Behavior and comments of defendant during arrest admitted as part of res gestae. State v. Davis, 236 K. 538, 539, 694 P.2d 418 (1985).

37. Sufficiency of uncorroborated prosecutrix testimony evidence sustained. State v. Lile, 237 K. 210, 211, 699 P.2d 456 (1985).

38. Right to counsel infringed where law partner represents another charged with same crime and conflict arises. State v. Lem’Mons, 238 K. 1, 2, 705 P.2d 552 (1985).

39. Effect of delays from interlocutory appeals (22-3603) on constitutional right to speedy trial discussed. State v. Galloway, 238 K. 100, 708 P.2d 508 (1985).

40. In-custody statement without counsel, witness’ comment on defendant’s silence, impeachment of prosecution witnesses discussed. State v. O’Neal, 238 K. 183, 708 P.2d 206 (1985).

41. Evidence of prior crimes (60-455), sufficiency of complaint affidavit, photographic evidence, trial consolidation discussed. State v. Breazeale, 238 K. 714, 714 P.2d 1356 (1986).

42. Conviction for acts committed on Indian reservation; Allen instruction, Brady evidence rule, sufficiency of evidence examined. United States v. Blandin, 784 F.2d 1048 (1986).

43. Warrantless arrest, confession, prosecutorial misconduct, expert testimony, lesser included offenses, excessive sentencing examined. State v. Strauch, 239 K. 203, 718 P.2d 613 (1986).

44. Admission of state rebuttal testimony by former prosecuting attorney and rape counselor examined. State v. Hayes, 239 K. 443, 720 P.2d 1049 (1986).

45. Statute compared with 21-3503 and applicability of each regarding date of crime examined. State v. Jackson, 239 K. 463, 471, 721 P.2d 232 (1986).

46. Expert testimony on rape trauma syndrome where consent is defense (21-3502) examined. State v. McQuillen, 239 K. 590, 721 P.2d 740 (1986).

47. Direct appeal from sentence imposed after plea of guilty or nolo contendere (22-3602) examined. State v. Harrold, 239 K. 645, 722 P.2d 563 (1986).

48. Videotaped testimony of child victim does not per se violate right to confront witness; newly discovered evidence; constitutional issue first raised on appeal. State v. Johnson, 240 K. 326, 729 P.2d 1163 (1986).

49. Recommendation regarding training during incarceration, consideration of sentencing criteria examined. State v. Bennett, 240 K. 575, 731 P.2d 284 (1987).

50. Use of state rebuttal testimony on alibi defense, eyewitness identification instruction examined. State v. Willis, 240 K. 580, 731 P.2d 287 (1987).

51. Technical irregularities in execution of search warrant, voluntariness of confession examined. State v. Holloman, 240 K. 589, 731 P.2d 294 (1987).

52. Cited by concurring judge in majority holding that aggravated sexual battery (21-3518) not lesser included offense of indecent liberties (21-3503). State v. Fulcher, 12 K.A.2d 169, 173, 737 P.2d 61 (1987).

53. Non-identical offense to aggravated incest (21-3603), 60-460 hearing examined. State v. Hutchcraft, 242 K. 55, 744 P.2d 849 (1987).

54. Prior crimes instruction, jury requests for information, venue, victim’s prior sexual conduct examined. State v. Redford, 242 K. 658, 659, 750 P.2d 1013 (1988).

55. Conviction affirmed; alleged child victim’s out-of-court statements (60-460(dd)), evidence of defendant’s character, alleged victim’s preliminary hearing testimony, closing argument examined. State v. Koune, 243 K. 218, 757 P.2d 289 (1988).

56. Conviction affirmed; incidental charges, multiplicitous charges, sufficiency of evidence examined. State v. Howard, 243 K. 699, 763 P.2d 607 (1988).

57. Cited; age of victim in information as common-sense construction of nonmarriage, testimony of child protection case worker examined. State v. Wade, 244 K. 136, 766 P.2d 811 (1989).

58. Evidence of prior crimes, preservation of in limine issue, time limitations on closing arguments; retroactivity of statutes of limitations examined. State v. Nunn, 244 K. 207, 209, 768 P.2d 268 (1989).

59. Consideration of separate indictments, prosecutorial misconduct in closing arguments examined. State v. Walker, 244 K. 275, 276, 768 P.2d 290 (1989).

60. Expert testimony on characteristics of rape victims and expert witnesses, victim’s behavior subsequent to alleged assaults examined. State v. Reser, 244 K. 306, 767 P.2d 1277 (1989).

61. Absence of instruction on attempted (21-3107) aggravated criminal sodomy permitting child-victim’s testimony by closed-circuit television (22-3434) examined. State v. Eaton, 244 K. 370, 371, 769 P.2d 1157 (1989).

62. Right to speedy trial, expert witness testimony regarding psychology and treatability of sexual offenders examined. State v. Clements, 244 K. 411, 770 P.2d 447 (1989).

63. Time limits on district court’s jurisdiction to modify sentences (21-4603(3)), procedures to attack conditions of imprisonment (60-1501 et seq) examined. State v. Saft, 244 K. 517, 521, 769 P.2d 675 (1989).

64. Exculpatory evidence, prior crime evidence, sufficiency of evidence, eyewitness identification instruction examined. State v. Smith, 245 K. 381, 383, 781 P.2d 666 (1989).

65. Sentencing and resentencing after remand; vindictiveness and discretion examined. State v. Heywood, 245 K. 615, 783 P.2d 890 (1989).

66. Oral-genital stimulation known as cunnilingus is not included within meaning of sodomy; conviction based thereon cannot stand. State v. Moppin, 245 K. 639, 644, 783 P.2d 878 (1989).

67. Aggravated sexual battery (21-3518) not an included crime hereunder. State v. Damewood, 245 K. 676, 686, 783 P.2d 1249 (1989).

68. Delays in holding trial caused by defendant’s motion for competency hearing, basis of search warrant examined. State v. Prewett, 246 K. 39, 40, 785 P.2d 956 (1990).

69. Warrantless arrest for felony upon probable cause on person’s home front porch as no intrusion on privacy examined. State v. Riddle, 246 K. 277, 788 P.2d 266 (1990).

70. Distinctions among 22-3433, 22-3434 and 60-460(dd) regarding child-victim testimony examined; application of statutes under facts presented determined. State v. Lamb, 14 K.A.2d 664, 798 P.2d 506 (1990).

71. Suggestive pretrial procedures, evidence from automobile and home, sufficiency of evidence, peremptory challenges examined. State v. Skelton, 247 K. 34, 795 P.2d 349 (1990).

72. Charge of anal sex as sufficient, jury instructions on crime and other crimes evidence, social worker’s testimony examined. State v. Wilson, 247 K. 87, 795 P.2d 336 (1990).

73. Cunnilingus as not constituting sodomy (21-3505) noted; ruling not applied retroactively. State v. Neer, 247 K. 137, 138, 795 P.2d 362 (1990).

74. Cunnilingus as not constituting sodomy noted; conviction for aggravated criminal sodomy based upon such act cannot stand. State v. Crawford, 247 K. 223, 225, 795 P.2d 401 (1990).

75. Cunnilingus as not constituting sodomy noted; conviction for aggravated incest (21-3603) based upon such act cannot stand. State v. Schad, 247 K. 242, 244, 795 P.2d 406 (1990).

76. Sentence exceeding life expectancy, timeliness and merits of motion for new trial, when counsel required for postconviction proceedings examined. State v. Nunn, 247 K. 576, 577, 802 P.2d 547 (1990).

77. Lack of requirement to change life sentence so good time credits apply, when counsel required for postconviction motions examined. State v. Carmichael, 247 K. 619, 620, 801 P.2d 1315 (1990).

78. Rules governing motions for new trial based upon newly discovered evidence reiterated. State v. Redford, 248 K. 130, 804 P.2d 983 (1991).

79. Late challenge to sufficiency of information, circumstances surrounding sentencing hearings examined. State v. Waterberry, 248 K. 169, 804 P.2d 1000 (1991).

80. Attempted aggravated criminal sodomy as underlying felony in felony murder question examined. State v. William, 248 K. 389, 400, 807 P.2d 1292 (1991).

81. Aggravated sexual battery not lesser included crime of attempted aggravated sodomy or attempted rape; test for determining multiplicitous charges. State v. Mason, 250 K. 393, 394, 827 P.2d 748 (1992).

82. Jury selection by voter registration lists, sufficiency of evidence as participant in crime, evidence of gang membership examined. State v. Bailey, 251 K. 156, 158, 834 P.2d 342 (1992).

83. Admissibility of minor victim’s entire statement, testimony of mental health therapist as to truth of minor victim’s story, sentence imposed examined. State v. Arrington, 251 K. 747, 840 P.2d 477 (1992).

84. Evidence supporting determination to try juvenile as adult (38-1636) upheld; admission of confession, evidence of gang membership examined. State v. Hooks, 251 K. 755, 756, 840 P.2d 483 (1992).

85. Admissibility of prior crimes evidence and preservation of issue on appeal examined. State v. Clements, 252 K. 86, 843 P.2d 679 (1992).

86. Trial of juvenile as adult, selection of jury, application of rape shield statute. State v. Walker, 252 K. 117, 118, 843 P.2d 203 (1992).

87. Voluntariness of confession, extrajudicial statement of accused, investigative services for indigent defendant examined. State v. Snodgrass, 252 K. 253, 254, 843 P.2d 720 (1992).

88. Under facts alleged and proved, conviction of aggravated incest (21-3603) bars prosecution hereunder. State v. Chandler, 17 K.A.2d 512, 839 P.2d 551 (1992).

89. Cited; defendant allowed one request for modification of sentence under 21-4603. State v. Smith, 17 K.A.2d 746, 843 P.2d 297 (1992).

90. Jury selection, confession, gang membership, rape shield statute, photographic exhibits, trial misconduct, instructions, peremptory challenge, “Hard 40” statute, examined. State v. Walker, 252 K. 279, 281, 845 P.2d 1 (1993).

91. Application of 21-4601 and 21-4606 to sentencing rather than modification noted; when provisions of 21-4603(4) applicable examined. State v. Mareska, 253 K. 431, 855 P.2d 954 (1993).

92. Indigent criminal defendant’s right to counsel, charging two or more crimes in same complaint examined. State v. Cromwell, 253 K. 495, 497, 856 P.2d 1299 (1993).

93. Victim’s mental capacity to consent to intercourse was issue for trier of fact. State v. Juarez, 19 K.A.2d 37, 39, 861 P.2d 1382 (1993).

94. Whether cumulative erroneous jury instructions regarding essential elements of the crime charged is reversible error and whether codefendant who received harsher sentence than other codefendant furnished record showing prejudicial error examined. State v. Castoreno, 255 K. 401, 408, 412, 874 P.2d 1173 (1994).

95. Whether defendant sentenced after KSGA (21-4701 et seq.) enactment for crimes committed before enactment is denied equal protection by preclusion of sentencing guideline retroactivity examined. State v. Fierro, 257 K. 639, 657, 895 P.2d 186 (1995).

96. Whether aggravated sexual battery is a lesser included offense of aggravated criminal sodomy examined. State v. Horn, 20 K.A.2d 689, 690, 892 P.2d 513 (1995).

97. KDOC use of all records available in making retroactivity determination does not violate offenders’ rights to due process. Farris v. McKune, 259 K. 181, 192, 911 P.2d 177 (1996).

98. Aggravated criminal sodomy is a general criminal intent crime; specific intent instruction not required. State v. Plunkett, 261 K. 1024, 1033, 934 P.2d 113 (1997).

99. Vulnerability of victim based on age improper aggravating factor for sentence departure since age already element of crime. State v. Salcido-Corral 262 K. 392, 414, 940 P.2d 11 (1997).

100. Jury unanimity not required concerning means by which crime is committed if substantial evidence supports each alternative means. State v. Hemby, 264 K. 542, 547, 957 P.2d 428 (1998).

101. Conviction of aggravated criminal sodomy supported by substantial competent evidence. State v. Downey, 27 K.A.2d 350, 2 P.3d 191 (2000).

102. Erroneous jury instruction concerning statutory definition of sodomy did not violate due process. Hemby v. Hannigan, 117 F.Supp.2d 1057, 1060 (2000).

103. Cumulative errors committed by police interrogator and prosecutor require reversal. State v. Elnicki, 279 K. 47, 105 P.3d 1222 (2005).

104. Charge hereunder; court discusses multiple act cases requiring jury unanimity on specific criminal acts. State v. Voyles, 284 K. 239, 240, 160 P.3d 794 (2007).

105. Mentioned; statute of limitation held to have run in cases involving nameless warrant containing DNA references. State v. Belt, 285 K. 949, 959, 179 P.3d 443 (2008).

106. Convictions hereunder reversed; prosecutor’s arguments, questions and presentation of evidence alleging defendant’s homosexuality improper. State v. Bloomquist, 39 K.A.2d 101, 102, 109, 178 P.3d 42 (2008).

107. Time is not an essential element of rape; evidence supported that abuse occurred in time frame specified in information. State v. Huntley, 39 K.A.2d 180, 185, 177 P.3d 1001 (2008).

108. Conviction hereunder, upward departure in sentencing upheld based on three aggravating factors; age factor not necessary for upward departure. State v. Rutherford, 39 K.A.2d 767, 768, 777, 778, 184 P.3d 959 (2008).

109. Cited; K.S.A. 21-3502 and 21-3504 do not violate due process or equal protection clauses. State v. Reed, 40 K.A.2d 269, 278, 191 P.3d 341 (2008).

110. Cited; upward departure sentence for conviction hereunder based on fiduciary relationship between defendant and victim. State v. Horn, 40 K.A.2d 687, 689 196 P.3d 379 (2008).

111. Cited; defendant required to prove timely appeal would have been sought had defendant been properly informed of appeal right. State v. Gill, 287 K. 289, 290, 196 P.3d 369 (2008).

112. Cited in discussion of intent involving certain sexual crimes and evidence of prior sexual conduct. State v. Prine, 287 K. 713, 727, 200 P.3d 1 (2009).

113. Conflicting statutory provisions prescribing different sentences for criminal offense, rule of leniency applicable. State v. Horn, 288 K. 690, 206 P.3d 526 (2009).

114. Conviction hereunder affirmed but sentence under K.S.A. 21-4643 vacated because defendant’s age not proven. State v. Bello, 289 K. 191, 211 P.3d 139 (2009).

115. When defendant is charged with off-grid severity level of rape under K.S.A. 21-3502(a)(2), age must be proven to jury. State v. Morningstar, 289 K. 488, 213 P.3d 1045 (2009).

116. Conviction hereunder upheld but sentencing reversed and remanded for resentencing. State v. Trautloff, 289 K. 793, 217 P.3d 15 (2009).

117. Conviction of sex crimes upheld; court discusses principles relating to witness credibility evidence. State v. Penn, 41 K.A.2d 251, 201 P.3d 752 (2009).

118. Conviction hereunder affirmed; alleged errors in admission of testimony and denial in exclusion of documents rejected on appeal. State v. Gaona, 41 K.A.2d 1064, 208 P.3d 308 (2009).

119. Defendant convicted under K.S.A. 21-3505(a)(1) and ordered to register as a sex offender; affirmed. State v. Coman, 42 K.A.2d 592, 214 P.3d 1198 (2009).

120. In prosecution for rape of a child under the age of 14, aggravated criminal sodomy and aggravated indecent liberties with a child, trial court’s failure to instruct jury that defendant was 18 years of age or older at the time the offenses were committed was harmless, as defendant had testified that he was well over the age of 18 at the time of the charged offenses. State v. Race, 293 K. 69, 259 P.3d 707 (2011).

121. Conviction of aggravated criminal sodomy of child under 14 affirmed where state presented sufficient evidence of oral contact pursuant to K.S.A. 21-3501(2). State v. Britt, 295 K. 1018, 287 P.3d 905 (2012).

122. The class of offenders sentenced under Jessica’s Law for aggravated indecent liberties with a child under the age of 14, are similarly situated to offenders sentenced for rape or aggravated criminal sodomy and serving hard 25 life sentences. State v. Kelsey, 51 K.A.2d 819, 827, 356 P.3d 414 (2015).