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65-4161.

History: L. 1994, ch. 291, § 86; L. 1994, ch. 338, § 2; L. 2004, ch. 125, § 1; Repealed, L. 2009, ch. 32, § 64; July 1.

CASE ANNOTATIONS

1. Cited in disciplinary proceeding remanded to allow imprisoned attorney a continuance to appear before hearing panel. In re Brown, 258 Kan. 731, 732, 907 P.2d 132 (1995).

2. Requires proof of specific intent; specific intent distinguished from general intent. State v. Esher, 22 Kan. App. 2d 779, 783, 922 P.2d 1123 (1996).

3. Severity level of drug possession charge under K.S.A. 65-4162 should have been enhanced for conviction under prior statute (K.S.A. 65-4127b). State v. Crank, 262 Kan. 449, 452, 989 P.2d 890 (1997).

4. Prosecution for sale of cocaine within 1,000 feet of school must present evidence that building is school as defined by section; conviction only for sale of cocaine. State v. Star, 27 Kan. App. 2d 930, 10 P.3d 37 (2000).

5. Multiplicitous to charge illegal sale of drugs and receiving proceeds from illegal drug transactions. State v. Betz, 29 Kan. App. 2d 575, 30 P.3d 1037 (2001).

6. Statute prohibiting sale of drugs within 1,000 feet of school held inapplicable when vehicle merely passed through 1,000 feet drug free zone. State v. Barnes, 275 Kan. 364, 64 P.3d 405 (2003).

7. Defendant can be sentenced only under lesser penalty provisions of K.S.A. 65-4161 not K.S.A. 65-4159. State v. McAdam, 277 Kan. 136, 83 P.3d 161 (2004).

8. Case decided while appeal in this case was pending, State v. McAdam, 277 Kan. 136, is applied to this case resulting in lesser sentence. State v. Barnes, 278 Kan. 121, 92 P.3d 578 (2004).

9. Elements of K.S.A. 65-4159 and 65-4161 are identical in this case; may be sentenced only under lesser penalty under K.S.A. 65-4161. State v. Stevens, 278 Kan. 441, 101 P.3d 1190 (2004).

10. Convictions of first-degree felony murder and sale of cocaine affirmed. State v. Donaldson, 279 Kan. 694, 112 P.3d 99 (2005).

11. Holding in State v. McAdam, 277 Kan. 136, will not be given retroactive effect. Snyder v. State, 33 Kan. App. 2d 694, 107 P.3d 451 (2005).

12. Upon conviction of attempt to manufacture methamphetamine under K.S.A. 65-4159, six-month sentence reduction provided in K.S.A. 21-3301 applies as defendant must be sentenced under lesser penalty provisions of K.S.A. 65-4161. State v. Herbison, 34 Kan. App. 2d 709, 123 P.3d 561 (2005).

13. Severity level not enhanced where prior conviction did not occur until after the commission of the instant offense. State v. Ruiz-Reyes, 37 Kan. App. 2d 75, 80, 149 P.3d 521 (2007).

14. Charge hereunder, exceptions to the untimely appeal rule discussed. Casner v. State, 37 Kan. App. 2d 667, 668, 675, 155 P.3d 1202 (2007).

15. Where two offenses have identical elements but different penalties, defendant may be sentenced only to the lesser penalty. State v. Spangler, 38 Kan. App. 2d 817, 834, 173 P.3d 656 (2008).

16. Because defendant did not have prior drug conviction when K.S.A. 65-4161 was violated, subsequent conviction could not enhance conviction. State v. Ruiz-Reyes, 285 Kan. 650, 653 to 657, 175 P.3d 849 (2008).

17. If when K.S.A. 65-4161 is violated, person has two or more prior convictions, person is guilty of drug severity level 1 felony. State v. Paul, 285 Kan. 658, 660 to 663, 665, 666, 668 to 671, 175 P.3d 840 (2008).

18. Convictions hereunder vacated; trial court to conduct hearing to determine whether evidence is fruit of poisonous tree. State v. Poulton, 286 Kan. 1, 4, 179 P.3d 1145 (2008).

19. Cited; under the identical offense sentencing doctrine defendant can only be sentenced under lesser penalty. State v. Scoville, 286 Kan. 800, 801, 188 P.3d 959 (2008).

20. Cited; in discussion of McAdam case and the three exceptions for timely appeal of criminal cases. State v. Patton, 287 Kan. 200, 204, 195 P.3d 753 (2008).

21. Cited; court discusses double jeopardy analysis to drug crimes, unitary conduct and unit of prosecution test. State v. Thompson, 287 Kan. 238, 248, 256, 200 P.3d 22 (2008).

22. Convictions hereunder reversed; failure to admit certain evidence and limiting cross examination by defense counsel held reversible error. State v. Scott, 39 Kan. App. 2d 49, 50, 52, 177 P.3d 972 (2008).

23. Convictions obtained after a violation of K.S.A. 65-4161 are not used to enhance current crime convictions. State v. Unruh, 39 Kan. App. 2d 125, 134, 135, 137, 177 P.3d 411 (2008).

24. Cited; court not required to impose nonprison sentence even when such sentence is presumed, when. State v. Andelt, 40 Kan. App. 2d 796, 797, 195 P.3d 1220 (2008).

25. Cited; conviction under K.S.A. 65-4127a should not have been counted as a prior conviction under K.S.A. 65-4161(c). State v. Kirk, 40 Kan. App. 2d 817, 820 to 823, 196 P.3d 407 (2008).

26. Constructive possession principles discussed and applied; no probable cause found. State v. Beaver, 41 Kan. App. 2d 124, 200 P.3d 490 (2009).

27. Search of vehicle upheld; case law on vehicle searches discussed and applied. State v. Davison, 41 Kan. App. 2d 140, 202 P.3d 44 (2009).

28. Violation of K.S.A. 21-4204(a)(5) does not require that school be in session or students present. State v. Toler, 41 Kan. App. 2d 896, 206 P.3d 548 (2009).

29. Conviction hereunder upheld; traffic stop and smell of marijuana provided probable cause for search. State v. Preston, 41 Kan. App. 2d 981, 207 P.3d 1081 (2009).

30. Defendant charged hereunder; district magistrate judges authorized to conduct felony arraignments, when. State v. Valladarez, 288 Kan. 671, 206 P.3d 879 (2009).

31. State failed to present sufficient evidence that defendant sold methamphetamine within 1,000 feet of a school; conviction reversed and remanded. State v. Witten, 45 Kan. App. 2d 544, 251 P.3d 74 (2011).

32. Elements of offense do not categorically match the elements of a controlled substance offense under the United States sentencing guidelines, rendering career offender designation improper. U.S. v. Madkins, 866 F.3d 1136, 1145 (10 th Cir. 2017).


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