Source or Prior Law:

38-714.

Law Review and Bar Journal References:

"Parental Power in the Voluntary Commitment of Children to Mental Institutions," Beth A. Riggert, 17 W.L.J. 595, 608 (1978).

Survey of Recent Cases, 46 K.L.R. 895 (1998).

"Apprendi v. New Jersey: Protecting the Constitutional Rights of Criminals in Sentencing," Stephanie B. Stewart, 49 K.L.R. 1193 (2001).

"Durational and Dispositional Departures Under the Kansas Sentencing Guidelines Act: The Kansas Supreme Court's Uneasy Passage Through Apprendi-land [State v. Carr, 53 P.3d 843 (Kan. 2002)]," Steven J. Crossland, 42 W.L.J. 687 (2003).

Attorney General's Opinions:

Domestic battery; age requirement. 1998-34.

CASE ANNOTATIONS

1. Habeas corpus proceeding; prosecution hereunder barred by K.S.A. 21-3108(2)(a). In re Berkowitz, 3 Kan. App. 2d 726, 728, 602 P.2d 99.

2. Parents have right to counsel in some deprived child actions that may be basis of prosecution. In re Cooper, 230 Kan. App. 57, 67, 631 P.2d 632 (1981).

3. Charge of child abuse does not meet test for merger into charge of felony first-degree murder. State v. Brown, 236 Kan. 800, 803, 696 P.2d 954 (1985).

4. Doctrine of merger applied; convictions of child abuse and felony murder (K.S.A. 21-3401) reversed. State v. Lucas, 243 Kan. 462, 759 P.2d 90 (1988).

5. Proof of legal duty to victim where endangering a child (K.S.A. 21-3608) charged examined. State v. Walker, 244 Kan. 275, 276, 768 P.2d 290 (1989).

6. Gruesome photographs, rebuttal evidence, inapplicability of felony murder doctrine with child abuse resulting in death examined. State v. Prouse, 244 Kan. 292, 293, 767 P.2d 1308 (1989).

7. Child abuse as separate rather than lesser included offense of aggravated battery (K.S.A. 21-3414) determined. State v. Young, 14 Kan. App. 2d 21, 31, 784 P.2d 366 (1989).

8. Child abuse resulting in death as merging with killing to constitute single offense examined. State v. Colwell, 246 Kan. 382, 383, 790 P.2d 430 (1990).

9. Reversal of felony murder conviction where child abuse underlying felony does not bar retrial on second-degree murder charge. In re Habeas Corpus Petition of Lucas, 246 Kan. 486, 789 P.2d 1157 (1990).

10. Constitutionality of statute upheld in child abuse-felony murder trial. State v. Hupp, 248 Kan. 644, 656, 809 P.2d 1207 (1991).

11. Battery as a lesser included offense of child abuse examined. State v. Allison, 16 Kan. App. 2d 321, 322, 323, 823 P.2d 213 (1992).

12. Whether section requires specific intent to injure in addition to general intent examined. State v. Bruce, 255 Kan. 388, 392, 874 P.2d 1165 (1994).

13. Proof of a specific intent not required; specific intent distinguished from general intent. State v. Esher, 22 Kan. App. 2d 779, 784, 922 P.2d 1123 (1996).

14. Trial court did not err in denying defendant's request for lesser included offense instruction in felony murder case. State v. Williams, 263 Kan. 134, 138, 947 P.2d 25 (1997).

15. Convictions for felony murder and abuse of a child violated prohibition against double jeopardy. State v. Smallwood, 264 Kan. 69, 85, 94, 955 P.2d 1209 (1998).

16. Abuse of child and aggravated battery are separate crimes and a defendant may be convicted of both. State v. Riles, 24 Kan. App. 2d 827, 828, 956 P.2d 1346 (1998).

17. Section not unconstitutionally vague; intent to injure not required element for underlying felony in felony-murder prosecution. State v. Carr, 265 Kan. 608, 614, 615, 616, 963 P.2d 421 (1998).

18. Court's upward departure upon conviction of child abuse violates defendant's constitutional rights, following Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000). State v. Gould, 271 Kan. 394, 23 P.3d 801 (2001).

19. In felony murder case, child abuse is an inherently dangerous felony; no need to prove victim's death was foreseeable. State v. Edgar, 281 Kan. 47, 127 P.3d 986 (2006).

20. Aggravated battery under K.S.A. 21-3414(a)(1)(C) is not lesser included offense of abuse of a child because of additional elements. State v. Alderete, 285 Kan. 359, 172 P.3d 27 (2007).

21. When defendant is charged with off-grid severity level of rape under K.S.A. 21-3502(a)(2), age must be proven to jury. State v. Morningstar, 289 Kan. 488, 213 P.3d 1045 (2009).

22. Abuse of a child, K.S.A. 21-3609, is analyzed and discussed; conviction affirmed. State v. Wilson, 41 Kan. App. 2d 37, 200 P.3d 1283 (2009).

23. Abuse of child statute does not create an alternative means crime. State v. De La Torre, 300 Kan. 591, 602, 331 P.3d 815 (2014).